Example: Above all, don’t forget to call when you get there.
es: sobre todo
absolutely
adverb
with no qualification, restriction, or limitation; totally
Example: I'll absolutely support your candidacy.
es: absolutamente
additionally
adverb
as an extra factor or circumstance
Example: brokers finance themselves additionally by short-term borrowing.
es: adicionalmente
admittedly
adverb
used to introduce a concession or recognition that something is true or is the case
Example: Admittedly, the salary was not wonderful, but the duties were light.
es: cierto es que
all the same
in spite of this; nevertheless
Example: She knew they had meant it kindly, but it had hurt all the same.
es: sin embargo
along with
in company with or at the same time as
Example: I was chosen, along with twelve other artists
es: junto con
also
adverb
in addition; too
Example: He is a brilliant linguist, he was also interested in botany.
es: además
alternatively
adverb
as another option or possibility
Example: At the end of the unit, each group of students writes a book review or, alternatively, acts out a short scene from the book.
es: alternativamente
although/even though
in spite of the fact that; even though
Example: Although the sun was shining it wasn't that warm.
es: a pesar de que
altogether
adverb
completely; totally
Example: I stopped seeing her altogether.
es: en total
apart form this
in addition to; as well as
Example: Quite apart from all the work, he had such financial problems.
es: aparte de esto
as a consequence (of)
as a result of (something specified)
Example: Hundreds of people became sick as a consequence of the poor sanitary conditions.
es: Como consecuencia de
as a result
something that happens or exists because of something else
Example: Profits have declined as a result of the recent drop in sales.
es: como resultado
as a rule
usually, but not always
Example: Any architect knows that, as a rule, old buildings are more soundly built than new ones.
es: en general
as well as that
in addition; too
Example: The museum provides hours of fun and a few surprises as well
es: al igual que
at this time
at this particular moment
Example: I have no reason to believe at this time that this was anything more than a terribly tragic accident.
es: en este momento
because of
as a result of
Example: The flight was delayed because of bad weather.
es: porque
before
during the period of time preceding a particular event or time; in advance of the time when; during the period of time preceding (a particular event or time)
Example: They lived rough for four days before they were arrested.
es: antes de
besides
adverb
in addition to; apart from.
Example: I have no other family besides my parents.
es: además
briefly
adverb
for a short time; fleetingly
Example: he worked briefly as a lawyer.
es: brevemente
by the same token
to mean that something you are about to say is also true, for the same reasons as what has just been said
Example: I don't think that prices will go up but, by the same token, I don't see them going down either.
es: por la misma razón
clearly
adverb
in such a way as to allow easy and accurate perception or interpretation; without doubt; obviously
Example: The accident was clearly the lorry driver's fault.
es: claramente
consequently
adverb
as a result
Example: Flexible workers find themselves in great demand, and consequently earn high salaries.
es: como consecuencia
conversely
introducing a statement or idea which reverses one that has just been made or referred to
Example: We're not going to have enough onions to last the year, while courgettes, conversely, are in a major surplus.
es: en cambio
definitely
adverb
without doubt (used for emphasis)
Example: I will definitely be at the airport to meet you.
es: definitivamente
despite/in spite of
express a contrast between two things; without being affected
Example: He remains a great leader despite age and infirmity
es: A pesar de
differing from
to be unlike or distinct in nature, form, or characteristics.
Example: The law of one state differs from that of another.
es: diferir de
due to
used to introduce the reason for something happening
Example: Due to the large volume of letters he receives Dave regrets he is unable to answer queries personally.
es: debido a
due to
as a result of
Example: Due to the complaints of uptight parents … he lost his job.
es: debido a
equally
in the same manner or to the same extent
Example: All children should be treated equally.
es: Igualmente
especially
adverb
particularly; exceptionally; markedly; used to single out one person, thing, or situation over all others
Example: He despised them all, especially Sylvester.
es: especialmente
even if
despite the possibility that; no matter whether
Example: Always try everything even if it turns out to be a dud.
es: incluso si
even so
in spite of that; nevertheless; although it is true
Example: The phone system has improved, but even so, there are still very few houses with phones.
es: aún así
even so
in spite of that; nevertheless
Example: Not the most exciting of places, but even so I was having a good time.
es: aún así
finally
after a long time, typically involving difficulty or delay; as the last act or occurrence in a series
Example: After many attempts, they finally gave up.
es: finalmente
first and foremost
most importantly; more than anything else
Example: In spite of being elected to office, she remains first and foremost a writer.
es: primero y ante todo
first/firstly
used to introduce a first point or reason; the one that comes before all the others
Example: There are two very good reasons why we can't do it. Firstly, we don't have enough money, and secondly, we don't have enough time.
es: primeramente
following
coming after or as a result of
Example: Trains will leave at the following times.
es: siguiente
for example/for instance
an example or single occurrence of something
Example: Intellectual property rights" should be interpreted as meaning, for instance, copyright, related rights, the sui generis right.
es: por ejemplo
for the most part
in most cases; usually
Example: Professors, for the most part, are firmly committed to teaching, not research.
es: en la mayor parte
for this reason
the cause of an event or situation or something that provides an excuse or explanation
Example: I didn't arrive on time to class, for this reason, the teacher didn't let me in.
es: por esta razón
furthermore
adverb
in addition; besides (used to introduce a fresh consideration in an argument)
Example: this species has a quiet charm and, furthermore, is an easy garden plant.
es: es más
hence
as a consequence; for this reason
Example: His mother was Italian, hence his name - Luca.
es: por eso
however
used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or seems to contradict something that has been said previously
Example: People tend to put on weight in middle age. However, gaining weight is not inevitable.
es: sin embargo
if
(introducing a conditional clause) on the condition or supposition that; in the event that
Example: If you have a complaint, write to the director.
es: si
importantly
adverb
used to emphasize a significant point or matter
Example: They provided showers and, more importantly, clean clothes.
es: importantemente
in addition
as an extra person, thing, or circumstance
Example: Members of the board were paid a small allowance in addition to their normal salary
es: además
in addition to this
used for saying that something extra exists or is happening together with the thing that you are talking about
Example: In addition to the twins, Jason has another child by his first wife.
es: Además de esto
in case
as a provision against something happening or being true; if it is true that
Example: In case you haven't figured it out, let me explain.
es: en caso
in conclusion
lastly; to sum up
Example: In conclusion, I would like to thank you for inviting me to speak tonight.
es: En conclusión
in contrast (to)
when compared to another : when looked at or thought about in relation to similar objects or people to set off dissimilar qualities
Example: Snakes are rare pets; in contrast, dogs are common.
es: a diferencia de
in fact
used to emphasize the truth of an assertion, especially one contrary to what might be expected or what has been asserted
Example: She was, in fact, eager to join the club.
es: de hecho
in general/generally
in most cases; usually
Example: The term of a lease is generally 99 years.
es: generalmente
in most cases
in the greatest number of cases
Example: For longer trips using cruise control can help you maintain a constant speed and, in most cases, reduce your fuel consumption.
es: en la mayoría de los casos
in order to
to express the purpose of something
Example: Mrs Weaver had to work full-time in order to earn a living for herself and her family of five children.
es: con el fin de
in short
to sum up; briefly
Example: He's disorganized, inefficient, never there when you want him - in short, the man's a pain.
es: en breve
in spite of
without being affected by the particular factor mentioned
Example: He was suddenly cold in spite of the sun.
es: a pesar de
in summary
as a brief statement of the most important information in a piece of writing or speech
Example: In summary, we need to take better care of the poor in our city.
es: En resumen
in the same way
to introduce a situation that you are comparing with one that you have just mentioned
Example: My parents are together and, if anything, closer than ever. In the same way, I also feel closer to both of them.
es: del mismo modo
in this case
when that is considered : because of that
Example: The traffic could be heavy tomorrow. In that case, we better leave early.
es: en este caso
in this case
because of that
Example: Perhaps you've some doubts about the attack. In this case it may interest you to know that Miss Woods witnessed it.
es: en este caso
including
containing as part of the whole being considered
Example: languages including Welsh, Cornish, and Breton..
es: incluso
indeed
adverb
used to emphasize a statement or response confirming something already suggested.
Example: He likes to have things his own way; indeed, he can be very stubborn
es: Por supuesto; en efecto
it should be noted
to draw attention to important information that was added as an afterthought
Example: It should be noted that, in both cases, Russia has a crucial role to play.
es: Cabe recalcar
just as
also, just so
Example: Jim's running just as fast as his friend, or He intended to give them just so much work as they could do in a day.
es: tal como
just like
exactly the same, or in exactly the same way
Example: He’s just like his father.
es: al igual que
last but not least
importantly, despite being mentioned after everyone else
Example: I would like to thank my publisher, my editor, and, last but not least, my husband.
es: Último pero no menos importante
like
adverb
used in speech as a meaningless filler or to signify the speaker's uncertainty about an expression just used
Example: I was, like, so hyped up I couldn't go to sleep
es: igual que
likewise
in the same way; also
Example: Just water these plants twice a week, and likewise the ones in the bedroom.
es: igualmente
moreover
adverb
as a further matter; besides
Example: The whole report is badly written. Moreover, it's inaccurate.
es: además; por otra parte
namely
that is to say; to be specific (used to introduce detailed information or a specific example)
Example: to me there is only one kind of rock, namely, loud rock.
es: a saber
never
adverb
at no time in the past or future; on no occasion; not ever.
Example: I've never heard anything so ridiculous.
es: nunca
nevertheless
in spite of that; notwithstanding; all the same
Example: Many marriages fail. Nevertheless, people continue to get married.
es: sin embargo
nonetheless
in spite of what has just been said
Example: It was the barest of welcomes, but it was a welcome nonetheless.
es: sin embargo
not only - but also
used to connect and emphasize 2 words or 2 phrases at the same position
Example: The war caused not only destruction and death but also generations of hatred between the two communities.
es: no solo - pero tambien
obviously
adverb
in a way that is easily perceived or understood; clearly.
Example: she was obviously sick
es: obviamente
on the other hand
adverb
used to introduce a contrasting point of view, fact, or situation
Example: Being a child star is bittersweet. On one hand, you're loved by millions, but on the other hand you're forever remembered for what you did years ago
es: por otra parte
on the whole
taking everything into account; in general
Example: On the whole, it was quite a good speech.
es: en conjunto
overall
in all parts; taken as a whole
Example: Overall, 10,000 jobs will go.
es: en general
particularly
adverb
especially, or more than usual
Example: We're particularly interested to hear from people who speak two or more European languages.
es: particularmente
previously
at a previous or earlier time; before
Example: Museums and art galleries that had previously been open to the public.
es: previamente
proof of this
evidence or argument establishing or helping to establish a fact or the truth of a statement
Example: You will also be asked to show proof of this income and ability to pay for your schooling as one of the application processes.
es: prueba de esto
same as
someone or something that is exactly like (another person or thing being discussed or referred to)
Example: Your idea is the same as his.
es: igual que
second/secondly
in the second place (used to introduce a second point or reason)
Example: He was presented first of all as a hopelessly unqualified candidate and secondly as an extremist.
es: en segundo lugar
similar to
resembling without being identical
Example: I bought some new shoes which are very similar to a pair I had before.
es: similar a
similarly
adverb
in a similar way
Example: The children were similarly dressed.
es: similar
subsequently
adverb
after a particular thing has happened; afterward
Example: Mel's offhand remark subsequently became their rallying cry.
es: después
such as
used to introduce an example or series of examples You will need some form of identification
Example: Countries such as Sweden have a long record of welcoming refugees from all over the world.
es: tal como
therefore
for that reason; consequently
Example: He was injured and therefore unable to play.
es: por lo tanto
third/thirdly
n the third place (used to introduce a third point or reason)
Example: Secondly, the Home Secretary has found a way to deal with the problem swiftly; thirdly, the Bill has received all-party support.
es: en tercer lugar
thus
as a result or consequence of this; therefore
Example: Burke knocked out Byrne, thus becoming champion.
es: por lo tanto
to conclude
o bring to an end especially in a particular way or with a particular action
Example: To conclude, he failed his exam.
es: para concluir
to demonstrate/to clarify
clearly show the existence or truth of (something) by giving proof or evidence
Example: Their shameful silence demonstrates their ineptitude
es: demostrar
to sum up
give a brief summary of something
Example: 10 victories summed up his record.
es: para resumir
to summarize
give a brief statement of the main points of (something)
Example: These results can be summarized in the following table.
es: para resumir
too
adverb
in addition; also
Example: is he coming too?
es: también
undoubtedly
adverb
without doubt; certainly
Example: They are undoubtedly guilty.
es: indudablemente
unless
except if (used to introduce the case in which a statement being made is not true or valid)
Example: Unless you have a photographic memory, repetition is vital.
es: a no ser que
unlike
adverb
different from; not similar to
Example: the two books are quite unlike
es: diferente a
up to a point
to some extent but not completely
Example: The new traffic system worked up to a point, but it had its problems.
es: hasta cierto punto
whereas
in contrast or comparison with the fact that
Example: You treat the matter lightly, whereas I myself was never more serious.
es: mientras que
while
during the time that, or at the same time as
Example: I read it while you were drying your hair.
es: mientras
with this in mind
regarding or thinking about someone or something; keeping someone or something in consideration
Example: If you do something with a particular thing in mind, you do it with that thing as your aim or as the reason or basis for your action.
es: con esto en mente
without a doubt
used to stress that something is true
Example: They are, without doubt, the nicest people I've ever met.